Music industry

The music industry                                                                06/09/18

LO - to identify and explain different music genres.

• Pop
• Rock
• Classical
• Hip Hop 
• Reggae
• Heavy metal
• Rap
• Drum and bass
• R&B
• J pop
• Jazz
• Country
• Blues
• Dub step
• Grime
• Disco
• Electronic

Rock

The stars in the genre group rock stereo typically have longer or mad looking hairstyles. Usually the majority of them are male.They wear outstanding clothes that catch your eye in a good and mad way. Rock stars are also very loud and their instruments are very loud. 

  

POP

Pop musicians usually are very glamorous and their appearance is tidy and is kept to neat standards. The majority of the background music is made by computer and not with instruments. Pop music often borrows elements from other styles such as: urban, dance, latin and country.

  

Country

Country music stars  look like cowboys and cowgirls. They wear cowboy hats and have jeans with a long-sleeved shirt. Their music usually has a twang in it and their voices sound old and deep. Their songs come from the rural religions of the united states. 

Pop

Who is their target audience?
Their target audience is usually around ages 13- 26. The target audience usually being based around teens means that they are likely to be students that don't have full time job.

Which magazines and radio stations feature this genre?

• Seventeen
• We love pop
• Top of the pops
• Vibe

  

            One direction                                   Little mix                                  Spice girls

Links of pop songs:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJOTlE1K90k
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JnfIa84TnU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jzD_yyEcp0M
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffxKSjUwKdU

Genre and target audience                                                       20/09/18

Lo - to identify target audiences for a variety of music magazine genres and link to genre codes.


The target audience for this music magazine is around ages 30-45. This is because of the colour palette of the magazines and these music bands are older. I also think that this is aimed at males as the colour palette is dull and not bright pink.


The target audience for this music magazine is around ages 18-25. This is because of the colour palette of the magazine and the tattoos on his arm. This makes him look slightly older. I think it is aimed at both genders due to the orange and blue.

 
The target audience for this music magazine is around the ages 20-40. This is because of the colour palette of red and grey and the expressions of the man on the magazine. I think this is also aimed at mainly men due to the dull colours and red which connote blood and grime. The attitude the men are showing on the magazine cover shows that they may not have any religion - grime.

MOJO magazine research

Genre - Classic, modern rock, folk, soul, country, reggae, electronic and experimental.

Circulation figures -

Publisher - Initially by Emap and since January 2008 by Bauer

Target audience - By looking at mojo magazine covers I think the target audience is from ages 30-50.

Examples of artists featured - David Bowie, The Beatles, Bob Marley, Amy Winehouse, Elvis Presley, Kings Of Leon, Madonna

Price (print) - £5.25

Any interesting facts -

The Magazine Industry.                                                     27/09/18

Lo - to explore the magazine industry ownership, regulation, and revenue.

 Conglomerate - thing consisting of a number of different and distinct parts or items that are grouped together.

Globalised - develop or to be developed so as to make international influence or operation possible.

Diversify - to branch out into different areas of the media industry.

Regulation - The control or guidance of mass media by governments and other bodies.

Revenue - income, how much money is made.  

Circulation - how many copies you sell each issue.

Research: who publishes...

Whats on TV - TI media

Radio times - Hubert Burda Media

TV choice - Bauer media 

Take a break - Bauer media 

Good housekeeping - Hearst Communications

Cosmopolitan - Hearst Communications

BBC gardeners world - Hubert Burda Media

Bauer Media research.

How many magazines does Bauer own? - more than 600

What two other UK music magazines does it publish? - Q and MOJO

How have they diversified the MOJO brand? - by offering an online version. (MOJO4music.com)

What other types of media companies does Bauer own? - radio, TV and online companies.

Regulation research...

Which agencies regulate magazines? - Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) and IMPRESS.

Which one has Bauer joined? - IPSO

Revenue research

Magazines receive revenue from which four sources? - Adverts, Sales of magazine, events, product placement and endorcement.

Why has there been fall in print sales over the past 10 years? - because of the rise of online media.

How are print companies responding to fall in print magazine sales and advertising? - they are diversifying.


MOJO magazine.                                                             01/10/18

Lo - to explore and define the magazines target audience.

Whats it all about?:

• Award winning articles with insight, passion and revelatory.
• New and old artists.
• Loved by all ages.
• A bespoke CD.
• Famous reviews section.
• Worlds largest UK music magazine.
• They say 'if you're featured in mojo you matter'.
• Brand fro those who are obsessed with music.
• A magazine of high brand values and integrity.
• A carefully crafted musical archive covering the very best of music across genres.
• 
  

MOJO audience:

• small circulation - 68,000
• readership - 138,000
• niche audience - a very specific target audience, as opposed to a mass audience.
• Demograpic - 68% male
• Mean age - 42
• ABC1 PROFILE - 49%

The MOJO reader:

• Passionate and discerning individual.
• Child of the 70s
• Admires its confrontational spirit.
• A worldly-wise, well-read man, these days he is thrilled when he hears new folk music. 
• Often want to listen to his favourite bands in his car or at home on his CD player.
• Largest part of the audience is men.
• Love the good things in life.
• Age range - 30-50
• High disposable income - well paid job - high education - university.
• Spend their money on festivals, phones, CDs, iPods/music players, vinyl.

MOJO analysis.                                                                    15/10/18

• Shot type-close up
• Star vehicle - dave grohl
• Colour palette - blue, black, white and yellow
• bands/artists mentioned - david gilmour, sparks, ian, dury, elvis, cat, stevens, nirvana, lou reed
• Masthead style - modern sans-serif front and block capitals.
• Main coverline style - dave grohl the songs that saved his life ... nirvana reading '92' 
• Minor coverline style - all writen in capitals, same fonts
• Puff - the thing that looks like the sticker claiming 159 reviews - yellow free CD box.
• USP |(freebies) - free CDS called teen spirit
• Placement of text - text placed around the main image, not covering the face. Main coverline covers the body only. 

MOJO cover Analysis.

The colour palette of the music magazine is black, white, yellow and a little bit of blue. This could connotate that MOJO is the genre rock. I know this because if the colour palette is pink and white the genre is POP. In stereo typical forms i know that MOJO is aimed at a larger scale of male to female. I know this from looking at the colour palette of the magazine. The font of the magazine cover also connotes that the genre is rock and the main aim is male. The font is a serif block which is not the kind of font you would usually find on a pop music magazine cover.  The font on the magazine cover is serif which stands out to mainly males and it connotes it to be manly in the way of it being big and bold. 

The shot type of David Grohl on the music poster is a medium shot. You can see the details of him and what he could connote on how he looks. For example he has a moustache/beard which could connote rock aswell as his long hair. His facial expression is very serious which could also suggests that it is rock and this is also very masculin. I know this by comparing this shot with other shot types such as POP. Shot types on pop music magazines are usually long shots showing the persons whole body as they might be posing or wearing a specific type of clothing to go with the genre. Unlike rock, this genre can be shown by their expressions or features. 

A PUFF on a music magazine is a little eye-catching sticker included on the cover. One of the PUFFS in the music magazine cover says you get a free CD if you purchase the magazine. They do this because it will introduce buyers into the music CDs and will make them want to buy them more in the future. This will lead to more income for MOJO. Another PUFF included in the music magazine cover is telling us how many reviews the magazine has included in it. The shape of the sticker is a spikey circle which connotes rock.

The freebies advertised within the cover will attract because getting something free with something you have to pay for is always a 'bonus' for a lot of people. They may also put this on there because if people like the magazine they all go and buy it again which will lead to an increase in income.

The font style on the cover are very bold and they stand out easily. They are bright coloured (yellow, red and white) and pop out from the background (black and blue).

DIRT                                                                                  18/10/18

Target audience

• There are two types/groups of target audiences - 

Mass audience - a very large group of people of several million such as the audience for ITV's coronation street.

Niche audience - a smaller more specific group of people. This might be an audience of well under a million music fans who watch a live concert on BBC4.

• When identifying a target audience make sure to look out for:

1. Age 
2. Gender
3. Class 
4. Religion
5. Where they live
6. Interests
7. Values / ideology
8. Personality

Psychographics

• Personality 
• values
• Attitudes
• Interests
• Lifestyles

Dirt = Pink + Crossed out 

Representation                                                               01/11/18

Lo - to explore the concept of representation in music magazines.

Common stereotypes for:

Teenagers - 

• Moody
• Attitude
• Drink alcohol
• Always on social media
• Rude
• Smell
• Lazy

Men - 

• Smell
• Stronger than women
• Short hair
• No emotions
• No chaws around the house

Americans - 

• Rich
• Ignorant
• Obesity
• Don't know how to dress
• Racism
• Loud
• Violence

Lesbians - 

• One has to be the man
• Hate men
• Short hair

Connotations of:

• Expression - His expression shows that he is a humble artist, friendly/approachable.
• Guitar - Makes his own music, Pop/singer song writers.
• Tattoos - Masculinity, creativity, rebellious.
• Hair and clothes - Anti-stereotype of a popstar as it is very straight forward and basic.

The main artist on the cover of the magazine (Katy Perry) has been represented as very feminine. I know this because she is covered in flowers which are Pink, Red and yellow which are usually stereotypical for femininity. She is also wearing dress which is black with pink flowers. Her expression suggests that her personality is calm and not to outgoing. I know that this magazine is a POP magazine because it is PINK which is stereotypical for POP music.

Representation                                                                    05/11/18

Lo - to create a magazine cover showing an understanding of representation.

WWW - My masthead, cover line and background of the magazine cover.
EBI - I had time to include Anchorage, managed to cut out my masthead and to include a PUG.



WWW - I have colour picked from my main picture to use on my fonts, I have made it look more like a music cover, the cut of of the main image looks smoother and stands out better.

EBI - I had time to included cover lines, included a PUG and remember to spot heal.

Music videos                                                                        15/11/18

Lo - to research chosen case studies and how they are represented.
Types of music videos:
Performance - artistes are performing.

Narrative - has a story line.
Concept - no performance, no narrative, usually animated.
Illustration - whats happening in the video matches what the song is about/saying.
Amplification - when there is some link to the video.
Disjuncture - no realationship between the lyrics and the narrative of the video.

Music video research.

Case study 3:

• Name of group - Little mix
• Name of song - Black magic
• Genre - POP
• Release date - 21st may 2015
• What is the song about? - The song is about relationships and being young.
• Type of music video - Amplification
• The video is about a group of girls liking a boy. However, another girl is with that boy which is a let down for the group. They have a secret potion which is used to 'make them fall in love'.
• Who is featured in the video - Little mix and other students which are unknown.
• The group are normally represented as very outgoing/outstanding/confident:

 

Little Mix - Black Magic Lyrics | AZLyrics.com

• Name of the group - The Vamps
• Name of song - Somebody to you
• Genre - POP
• Release date - 4th august 2014
• What is the song about? - About a young girl who spends time with her friends in the summer until they are joined by the vamps. Their lead singer falls in love with the girl.
• Type of music video - Narrative
• What happens in the video - the vamps are set up on a beach with a group of girls singing. 
• Who features in the video? - The vamps, Laura Marano.
• Normally the group are represented as - being a popular teenage group who attract all the girls. They are also represented as being sweet and kind. 

 

The Vamps - Somebody To You Lyrics | AZLyrics.com

Terminology                                                                          19/11/18

Lo - to explore media terminology used to analyse exam tests.

*See terminology page*

Media language in music videos.                                         22/11/18

Lo - to explore the use of Media Language in music videos.

Examples of music videos where media language is being used to convey a meaning:

Black magic - Little mix:

Close ups have been used to make the audience focus on a particular part of the image. This may be because it is a more important part of the video and they want you to focus on it.


Long shots are used to show the entire object or human figure and to show their surroundings. This will give you an idea of what the video is about and where they are.

Media language in music videos.                                            29/11/18

Lo - to explore and analyse the use of media language in chosen case studies.

Analyse the media language in your music videos. How are they similar/different.
You need to include:

• Camera work
• Editing
• mise-en-scene
• performance soundtrack
• narrative

Little mix - black magic.

• Do the artists perform?, if so, to who?

In Black Magic, Little Mix they do not perform directly to us. They are acting out the narrative within the video so the performers and looking at each other no at the camera.
In the vamps

• Is there of sense of 'naturalism' created through use of MES and setting?

• How does it follow genre conventions?

Black Magic follows the genre of POP within their video by dancing and wearing clothing that goes with the genre of POP. They also have the colour palette of red, white and black throughout the video.

• Is any diegetic sound used and why?

No in little mix black magic they have not included any diegetic sound.

• Does the editing match the pace of the song? Does it change between the performance and narrative sections? Are special effects used? Why? What transitions are used and why?

The editing in Black Magic does match the pace of the song. The pace of the song changes throughout the song aswell as the editing. 

• Is the narrative linear and developed or montage?

• Is the camera work smooth and controlled or handled and documentary-style?

The camera work within the music video Black Magic is smooth and controlled and focusing on the people performing whilst changing angles smoothly. 

• Is the colour saturated or de-saturated?

• What values does it promote?

• In what ways does it follow conventions of film and TV with the setting and MES? (intertextuality)

Analysis                                                                                06/12/18

Lo - to analyse representation in music videos.

What sexuality is assumed if it covers love?

• Heterosexual

What ideas or values does it celebrate or highlight?
Little mix -
The vamps -
How is race represented? (or not)

• Little mix - In this music video race is not represented (everyone is equal).
• The vamps - In this music video race is not represented (everyone is equal)

How is gender represented?

• Little mix - In Black Magic gender is not represented. The only way it is represented is how they dress, makeup and their hair.
• The vamps - In this music video 

How is age represented?

• Little mix - In this music video age is represented by how they act and how they present themselves. An example of this is the girls. You can tell they are older due to their makeup and their clothes.
• The vamps - In this music video the boys are represented as slightly older than teens. I can tell because of what they look like and the way they ave their hair styled.

How is disability represented?

• Little mix - There is no disability represented in this video.
• The vamps - There is no disability represented in this video.

What stereotypes are used (people, places, events)?

• Little mix - In the music video of black Magic stereotypes are used such as skirts, makeup, and styled hair. 
• The vamps - In the music video the vamps are shown as a typical boy by using the stereotypes of them liking football. Another stereotype used in the video is when the girls wear skirts when playing sports. This shows that they are a typical girly girl.

How are the artists represented?

• Little mix - The artists in the music video are represented as the main characters. They are focused on the most throughout the video. They are also represented as the popular, pretty and mysterious girls.
• The vamps - The vamps are represented as the main characters in the music video. They are also represented as the popular attractive group. As well as the vamps being the popular group there is also another group of girls in the video to interest the boys.

How is the US or UK society represented?

What is shown as 'attractive' in the video?

• Both of the videos are the same in the way of what is shown as 'attractive'. In both of the videos the girl groups are all dressed in a stylish manor and also have a lot of makeup on. The way that the girls are presented in the videos shows us what is shown as attractive within the video. In little mix a girl acting in the video is very fashionable and is getting all of the attention. The little mix girls are not fashionable at the start of the video however throughout the video they become fashionable and popular.
• The boys in both music videos are shown as attractive because their hair is gelled back and they are dressed well. 

Are any messages being sent out?

Exam practice                                                                         13/12/18

Lo - to review representation of videos and practice exam style question.

Media Language: Similarities.

• In both videos despite different locations, they both have a similar primary colour palette - naturalism.
• Costumes and clothing are both relatable to the demographic.
• Artists perform to the camera.
• Straightforward shots relying on the stylised editing to generate the pace to match that of the song.

Media Language: Differences.

• The vamps have a more exotic location and lifestyle - all play and party.
• The vamps camera work is far more energised and restless, the vamps have a more aspirational video.
• The vamps contrasts to a very heavy stylised and cinematic.

Representation: Similarities.

• Both feature dominant mainstream values of the importance of heterosexual love, romance and attraction.
• Both a 'tribe'.
• Both celebrate being young.
• Both offer values of representing desirability and attraction of being young, thin and able-bodied.

Representation: Differences.

• The vamps, very stereotypical of the male gaze and female form as objectified.
• Little mix have female leads bu the narrative is about their need to be attractive and desirable to the 'jocks'.
• Little mix, relationships are seen as a battle for attention which drives how women see their own worth.
• The vamps, has a very narrow definition of body types of male and female.

Exam practice:
Explain one way in which music videos use media language to differ from each other.
Refer to one example of contrasting media language in two music videos you have studied to support your answer.

1. Use the PEE structure
2. Give specific examples
3. Use accurate terminology

Music videos use different media language forms to differ from each other. An example of this is the use of mine-on-scene in Little Mix, Black Magic and The Vamps, Somebody to you. 

The use of mine-en-scene in Little Mix, Black Magic represent the stereotypical uses which includes makeup, hair styles and different clothing. The setting of the song takes place in a high school which could imply seriousness. However, this music video contrasts from The Vamps, Somebody to you.

The setting of The Vamps, Somebody to you takes place on an exotic beach. This implies that the music video is trying to show relaxation and fun within the group. They also use mise-en-scene within the hair and clothing of the artists and people in the music video. An example of this is the clothes the boys wear in the video. They wear stylish and fashionable clothes to tell the audience that they are apart of a popular and attractive group of people. They also show this by having their hair styles.

Over all the two music videos Black Magic and Somebody to You are different in mainly setting. 

Types of media language:

• Mise-en-scene - makeup, hair, props, costumes, setting, 
• Camera work
• Editing - colour palette.
• Sound

Exam Practice                                                                     10/01/19

Lo - to review representation of videos and practice exam style question.

Exam question:
Music videos use different media language forms to differ from each other. An example of this is the use of mine-on-scene in Little Mix, Black Magic and The Vamps, Somebody to you. 

The use of mine-en-scene in Little Mix, Black Magic represent the stereotypical uses in which includes makeup, hair styles, costumes, props and the setting. The setting of the song takes place in a high school which could imply young group and seriousness  in love. However, this music video contrasts from The Vamps, Somebody to you.

The setting of The Vamps, Somebody to you takes place on an exotic beach. This implies that the music video is trying to show relaxation and fun within the two groups. They also use mise-en-scene within the hair and clothing of the artists and people in the music video. An example of this is the clothes the boys wear in the video. They wear stylish and fashionable clothes to tell the audience that they are apart of a popular and attractive group of people. They also show this by having their hair styled in a certain fashionable way. 

Radio 1 live lounge.
Lo - to research the radio industry and BBC radio 1.

1) How many different NATIONAL radio stations do the BBC operate? What are they and how are they different in terms of content and audience?
BBC operate 10 NATIONAL radio stations:

• BBC radio 1, 2, 3, 4
• BBC radio 5 live
• BBC radio 1Xtra
• 4 Extra
• 5 live sports extra
• 6 music
• DAB digital radio

2) How many REGIONAL radio stations do they operate?
BBC operate 40 REGIONAL radio stations.

3) How are they funded?
They are funded by the annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households, companies and organisations.

4) Who is the direct competition to PSB radio?
The competition to PSB radio is commercial stations.

5) Name 5 different COMMERCIAL radio stations and their target audiences.

• Pirate FM

6) What different ways can people listen to BBC radio 1?

• Radio
• online
• streaming services
• apps
• phone

Radio 1 live lounge                                                                   14/01/18

Lo - to explore how BBC radio 1 meets its PSB remit and meets the needs of its target audience.

Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) - In the UK it refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests. The communications regulator Ofcom requires the certain television and radio broadcasters fulfil certain requirements as part of their license to broadcast. All of the BBC television and radio stations have a public service remit, including those that broadcast digitally.

The public service broadcast are those that you can get for free on TV without a box or cable: channel 4, channel 5 and BBC.

BBC Radio 1
Every radio station works hard to establish and sustain a very distinct sound and tone.

• The radio 1 audience is clearly addressed by presenters and that are close to the age of their main listeners demographic of 15-29. Targeting a young audience involves the language sounding restless and energetic, often using informal, every day language that includes slang and intertextual references to pop-culture.

Remit:

• The remit of Radio 1 is to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech. Its target audience is 15-29 years old and it should also provide some programming for younger teenagers.
• It should offer a range of new music, support emerging artists - especially those from the UK.

Radio 1 should offer a wide range of music, information and entertainment.

In the evening specialists presenters, covering up a broad range of musical genres, should support artists at the forefront of new music, assisting their growth and development.

How have they met the remit to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners, support emerging UK artists and provide a platform for live music?

They have met the remit to entertain and engage a range of young listeners using many different ways.

An example is the colour palette, they have used a range of bright eye-catching colours that may appeal to the target audience of 15-29 years old. This links with the images used on the website. They are images of the artists with a bright background that is appealing. 

The website also meets the remit by entertainment. They allow you to watch live 

Convergence

Media convergence is a term that can refer to either: 1) the merging of previously distinct media technologies and media forms due to digitisation and computer networking.

What advantage is there for The BBC, Vevo or the audience?

BBC - The advantages it has on The BBC is that it is being shown on an extra website. They will get more viewers.

Vevo - The advantages for Vevo means that they are being used which may mean more income for the company. They also get a larger audience and once it is up on Vevo it will remain there.

Audience - The advantage is that it is quicker to access it and there is no time limit on watching or listening. You can also re-watch it however many times you want.


Regulation                                                                            17/01/19

Lo - to explore how the BBC is regulated.

The radio industry is regulated by OFCOM.

OFCOMs role:

• Ensuring the optimal use of the electro magnetic spectrum.
• Ensuring a wide range of TV and radio services of high quality and wide appeal.
• Maintaining plurality in the provision of broadcasting.
• Applying adequate protection for audiences against unfairness or the infringement of privacy.
• We would have to be aware that there are no inappropriate words or images.
• 
  

Plurality is:

a) ensuring there is a diversity of viewpoints available and consumed across and within media enterprises.

b)

• The broadcast will be targeted at the age of 14-19.
• It will be about music.
• It will be broadcasted after school when kids are in the car coming home from school or at home at 3:30-5.

Live Lounge                                                                           24/01/19

Lo - to analyse the structure of the live lounge and the audience appeal.

Clara Amfo.
Background:
Clara Amfo has a background as a presenter for Nickelodeon and CBBC. She interned in marketing at KISS FM and was nominated in 2012 for a Sony Radio Award as a 'Rising Star'. She joined BBC Radio 1Xtra as a host of the weekend breakfast show and joined the MTV chart shows.

Awards:
- Glamour awards for radio personality.

Current jobs:
- Radio representer.


DJ Ace.
From South East london. Won a gold radio academy award. They also co-presented a show on the UK music channel, channel U and work closely with BBC Blast. Ace returned to BBC 1Xtra in 2014.


What is the live lounge and how does it work?

• The Live Lounge is a segment on the British radio stations BBC Radio 1 and BBC radio 1Xtra.
• Originally hosted by Jo Whiley and the Fearne Cotton from 2009-2015. It is now hosted by Clara Amfo from 2015.
• Live lounge itself is also a physical room in the Radio 1 studios from where some of the performances are broadcasted.

Why it works.

What are the audience appeals of the Live Lounge?

The audience appeals of The Live Lounge is that they present different bands playing/singing other peoples tracks. This could be a one off which appeals. They also appeal because you can watch them perform instead of just listening to the audio.

Why is it different to other radio shows?

The live lounge is different to other radio stations because you can watch the artists perform aswell as just listening to the audio.

Look at the BBC Radio 1 live lounge website:

What can you access from there?

• Live lounge mouth
• Live lounge uncovered
• Information on Clara Amfo
• Outside the UK
• Radio 1 home
• 1Xtra home
• Archive
• Different BBC channels
• Photographic galleries
• Past episodes
• Other podcasts or shows

What artists are mentioned?

• Benji B
• Ariana Grande

What other Live lounge products are there available?

• Annual BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge.

Live Lounge                                                                       31/01/19

Lo - to create an effective logo considering audience and purpose.